When it comes to English, small differences can create big confusion. One of the most common dilemmas for writers, editors, and language learners is whether to use forward or forwards.
At first glance, they might seem interchangeable, but their correct usage depends on context, grammar, and regional conventions. In this guide, you’ll get a complete breakdown of forward vs forwards, including definitions, examples, historical evolution, regional differences, and practical tips for writing.
Quick Summary
Forward and forwards are closely related, but there are subtle differences.
- Forward is versatile: it can function as an adjective, adverb, or verb.
- Forwards is primarily an adverb emphasizing movement in a direction.
- Regional differences play a major role: British English often prefers forwards, while American English favors forward.
- Confusion arises because both words indicate moving ahead, both literally and figuratively.
Understanding these distinctions will make your writing more precise, natural, and professional.
Why Is There Confusion?
English evolves constantly, which makes some word forms overlap. Here’s why forward vs forwards often confuses writers:
- Interchangeable usage: Many writers use both forms without thinking, especially in casual writing.
- Regional differences: British and American English have slightly different rules for adverbs.
- Multiple roles: Forward can be an adjective, adverb, or verb, while forwards is almost always an adverb.
This overlap creates situations where either word seems correct, but one form might fit better depending on context.
Historical Evolution of the Terms
Both words have deep roots in English history:
- Forward comes from Old English foreweard, which combines fore (before/front) and weard (toward).
- Forwards emerged later as a directional adverb in Middle English, following a pattern of adding -s to words indicating movement, like backwards and towards.
- Over the centuries, American English simplified adverbs, dropping the -s, while British English often retained it.
This evolution explains why you see both forms in older texts, especially British literature and historical documents.
Influence of Regional English (British vs American)
Regional variations have a significant impact on which form you choose.
- British English:
- Uses forwards in most adverbial contexts.
- Keeps the -s in formal, literary, and official texts.
- American English:
- Prefers forward universally.
- Simplifies adverbs by removing the terminal -s.
Example:
- British: “He stepped forwards to greet the queen.”
- American: “He stepped forward to greet the queen.”
Overlapping Meanings Leading to Interchangeable Use
Both words express the idea of moving ahead or progressing. In many contexts, especially in informal writing, they can be used interchangeably without confusion.
- British English: “Lean forwards when you listen.”
- American English: “Lean forward when you listen.”
The difference is subtle, mostly stylistic, and often region-specific.
What Does “Forward” Mean?
Forward has multiple definitions depending on its role in a sentence.
Primary Definitions
- Directional: Toward the front or ahead.
- Figurative: Progress, advancement, or anticipation.
Explanation of Non-Directional Uses
- Business or professional writing: Indicates progress or future actions.
- “We are looking forward to the upcoming project.”
- As a verb: Means to send or move something along.
- “Please forward this email to the manager.”
Examples of “Forward” in Context
As an Adjective:
- “He made a forward move in his career.”
As an Adverb:
- “Step forward and introduce yourself.”
As a Verb:
- “I will forward your message to the team.”
What Does “Forwards” Mean?
Forwards functions primarily as an adverb, indicating movement toward a front position.
Definition as an Adverb
- Expresses motion in a specific direction.
- Often used in literal contexts, like walking, sports, or navigation.
Explanation of Directional Emphasis
- Emphasizes physical movement more than forward in American English.
- Common in British English to convey the idea of motion.
Examples of “Forwards” in Action
- “The players moved forwards to intercept the ball.”
- “Lean forwards to see the screen clearly.”
- “She stepped forwards and greeted the host.”
Forward vs Forwards: Key Differences
| Feature | Forward | Forwards |
|---|---|---|
| Part of Speech | Adjective, Adverb, Verb | Adverb only |
| Meaning | Direction, progress, sending | Physical or literal movement |
| Regional Use | US & UK | Mainly UK |
| Common Context | Figurative & literal | Literal or physical movement |
Usage in Different English Variants
- British English: Both forms are acceptable; forwards is common for physical movement.
- American English: Forward dominates in both literal and figurative contexts.
Common Contexts Where Each Is Used
- Navigational/Physical: Step forward/forwards, move forward/forwards.
- Figurative/Abstract: Looking forward to opportunities, thinking forward strategically.
- Professional/Technical: Forward emails, forward planning, or project forward movement.
The Role of British vs American English in Word Endings
British English: Retention of Terminal “s”
- British writers keep the -s in adverbs of direction like forwards, backwards, towards.
- Common in literature, newspapers, and formal documents.
American English: Simplification for Streamlined Usage
- American English removes the terminal -s: forward, backward, toward.
- Reflects a trend of simplified spelling and clarity.
Broader Patterns in Word Endings
- Words ending in -ward/-wards show this pattern consistently.
- The choice usually depends on regional norms rather than strict grammar rules.
Implications for Language Learners
- Non-native speakers often struggle to pick the right form.
- Rule of thumb:
- Forward for American English and general, professional writing.
- Forwards for British English, especially when describing literal movement.
- Maintaining consistency is crucial to avoid confusion.
Grammatical Mechanics
Adverbial Considerations
- Forward: Works as an adverb in both regions without -s.
- Forwards: Adds emphasis on physical motion, preferred in British writing.
Contextual Deployment
- Choose based on tone, audience, and the variety of English you are using.
- Avoid mixing styles within the same document.
Examples of “Forward vs Forwards” in Sentences
Sentences Using “Forward”
- “We are looking forward to the new project.”
- “She stepped forward and answered confidently.”
- “I will forward the documents to your inbox.”
Sentences Using “Forwards”
- “He leaned forwards to hear better.”
- “The team moved forwards during the drill.”
- “Walk forwards along the path until you reach the gate.”
Which One Should You Use: “Forward or Forwards”?
General Guidelines
- American English: Always use forward.
- British English: Use forwards for physical movement; forward for abstract or figurative contexts.
- Maintain consistency throughout your text.
Tips for Writers
- Check your target audience’s region.
- Use forward in professional, academic, and digital writing.
- Use forwards in sports, narrative, or descriptive British English contexts.
Synonyms for “Forward vs Forwards”
Synonyms of “Forward”
- Ahead
- Onward
- Progressive
- Advancing
Synonyms of “Forwards”
- Ahead
- Onward
- Frontward
- Towards
Origins of “Forward” and “Forwards”
- Forward: Old English foreweard, meaning “toward the front.”
- Forwards: Developed in Middle English as a directional adverb.
- Both words reflect the evolution of English grammar and style over centuries.
FAQs
Do you say forward or forwards?
- Both are correct; choose based on region and context.
Is it forward or forwards in the UK?
- Forwards is common for movement; forward is used for figurative meanings.
Is it look forward or forwards?
- Use look forward in formal writing, even in British English.
Is it going forward or going forwards?
- Going forward is standard in American English; going forwards is acceptable in British English.
What is the plural form of forward?
- Forward doesn’t have a plural; it functions as adjective, adverb, or verb.
Conclusion
Choosing between forward and forwards doesn’t have to be tricky. Remember these key points:
- American English prefers forward in all contexts.
- British English keeps forwards for literal motion but uses forward for figurative meanings.
- Consistency is essential. Stick to one style throughout your writing to keep it professional.
With these guidelines, you can write confidently, avoid confusion, and make your English precise and polished.
I am Rani, a passionate writer who loves exploring metaphors and creative expressions in English.
Through words, I aim to make language more vivid, meaningful, and inspiring.
